Izvirnost katalonskega modernizma (Modernisme) izhaja iz navideznega nasprotja med tradicionalnostjo in modernostjo. Pravzaprav je katalonska družba, hoteč postati svetovljanska in moderna, z njim izpeljala prevrednotenje zgodovine in tradicije. V desetletju od 1880 do 1890 so arhitekti in oblikovalci oživili preteklost in ustvarili sloge, ki so bili hkrati srednjeveški, starinski in svetovljanski.
Po l. 1900 se je temu pridružil smisel za valovite in abstraktne oblike evropskega art nouveauja. Zaradi španske nevtralnosti med prvo svetovno vojno in iz tega izvirajoče dokajšnje gospodarske blaginje se je modernizem ohranil vse do dvajsetih let 19. st., in to je druga značilnost, ki katalonsko različico loči od njenih evropskih ustreznikov.
Modernizem se je razvil v Kataloniji, na Balearskih otokih in v območju Valencie ter kmalu postal prevladal med meščanstvom v novih industrijskih mestih in pokrajinskih središčih. Abstraktne modernistične oblike niso zaznamovale samo stanovanjskih stavb, vil in javnih poslopij, marveč tudi tovarne, industrijske komplekse in kmetijske zadruge.
Barcelona je z gradnjo četrti Eixample doživela najobsežnejšo širitev čez meje starega obzidja. Gospodarski razcvet je spodbujal vlaganja v gradbeništvo in l. 1891 prinesel spremembe mestnih odlokov, preobrazbo mestne topografije in množico novosti v okrasju.
V Barceloni so delali trije velikani modernistične arhitekture in ustvarili več svojih pomembnih del: medtem ko je za Antonija Gaudíja značilno abstraktno pojmovanje arhitekture, se pri Josepu Puigu i Cadafalchu kaže bolj historičen pogled, Lluís Domènech i Montaner pa se je pri svojem delu obdal s celo skupino obrtnikov in industrialcev. Poleg njih je bilo še veliko drugih arhitektov, kot Enric Sagnier, Domènech i Estapà, omeniti pa bi bilo treba tudi trgovce in industrialce, kot družino grofa Güella in dinastijo markizov de Comillas, ki jih je modernizem popolnoma prevzel in so postali pomembni meceni navedenih arhitektov, zlasti Gaudíja in Domènecha i Montanerja.
Image | artist | function | date |
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Antoni Gaudí i Cornet | Architect and designer | 1852-1926 | |
Lluís Domènech i Montane | architect, designer, historian and politician | 1850-1923 | |
Caterina Albert i Paradís (aka Víctor Català) | architect, historian and politician | 1869-1966 | |
Eusebi Arnau i Mascart | sculptor ans medal maker | 1864-1933 | |
Bonaventura Bassegoda i Amigó | architect and art critic | 1862-1940 | |
Joaquim Bassegoda i Amigó | architect | 1854-1938 | |
Juli Batllevell | Architect | 1864-1928 | |
Miquel Blay i Fabregas | sculptor | 1866-1936 | |
Lluís Bru i Salelles | mosaicist and designer | 1868-1952 | |
Ramon Casas i Carbó | painter | 1866-1932 | |
Josep Domènech i Estap | architect | 1858-1917 | |
Lambert Escaler | sculptor, decorator and playwright | 1874-1957 | |
Pere Falqués i Urpí | architect and urban planner | 1850-1916 | |
Juli Maria Fossas i Martínez | architect | 1868-1946 | |
Antoni Maria Gallissà i Soqué | architect | 1861-1903 | |
Pau Gargallo i Catalán | sculptor | 1881-1934 | |
Enric Granados | musician | 1867-1916 | |
Gaspar Homar i Mezquida | cabinet maker and decorator | 1870-1956 | |
Josep Maria Jujol i Gibert | architect and designer | 1879-1949 | |
Alfons Juyol i Bach | sculptor | 1860-1917 | |
Josep Llimona | sculptor | 1864-1934 | |
Joan Maragall i Gorina | writer | 1860-1911 | |
Adolf Mas i Ginestà | photographer | 1861-1936 | |
Lluís Masriera i Rosés | jeweller, painter and stage designer | 1872-1958 | |
Apel•les Mestres i Oños | writer, illustrator and songwriter | 1854-1936 | |
Lluís Millet i Pagés | musician | 1867-1941 | |
Joaquim Mir i Trinxet | painter | 1873-1940 | |
Isidre Nonell i Monturiol | painter | 1872-1911 | |
Joan Rubió i Bellver | architect and archaeologist | (1871-1952 | |
Alexandre de Riquer i Inglada | painter, poet, and poster designer | 1856-1920 | |
Antoni Rigalt i Blanc | glass maker | 1850-1914 | |
Manuel Joaquim Raspall i Mayol | architect | 1877-1937 | |
Ricard Opisso i Sala | painter and cartoonist | 1880-1966 | |
Adolf Ruiz i Casamitjana | architect | 1869-1937 | |
Pablo Ruiz Picasso | painter, sculptor and ceramist | 1881-1973 | |
Santiago Rusiñol i Prats | painter and writer | 1861-1931 | |
Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia | architect | 1858-1931 | |
Manuel Sayrach i Carreras | architect and writer | 1886-1937 | |
Ismael Smith i Marí | sculptor and engraver | 1886-1972 | |
Miquel Utrillo i Morlius | painter, art critic and engineer | 1862-1934 | |
Salvador Valeri i Pupurull | architect | 1873-1954 | |
Lluïsa Vidal i Puig | painter | 1876-1918 | |
Josep Vilaseca i Casanovas | architect | 1848-1910 | |
Salvador Viñals i Sabaté | architect | 1847-1926 | |
Amadeu Vives i Roig | musician | 1871-1932 |
Cover | Author | Description | date | Link |
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S. Alcolea, L'orfebreria barcelonina la segle XIX, D'Art, n°6-7, vol. V, Barcelona. |
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C. Bancells, Guia del Modernisme a l'Eixample, Nou Art Thor, Barcelona. |
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S. Barjau Rico, Enric Sagnier, Ed. Labor, 1992, Barcelona. |
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J. Bassegoda i Nonell, Domènech i Montaner, Thor, 1980, Barcelona. |
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J. Bassegoda i Nonell, Modernisme a Catalunya, Nou Art Thor, 1986, Barcelona. |
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J. Bassegoda i Nonell, "Jujol", Gent Nostra, 77, 1990, Barcelona. |
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J. Bassegoda i Nonell, Adriŕ Gual: mitja vida de Modernisme, Diputació de Barcelona, Ŕmbit Serveis Editorials, 1992, Barcelona. |
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J. Bassegoda i Nonell, Antoni Gaudí. Edicions 62, 2002, Barcelona. |
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R. Bletter, El arquitecto Josep Vilaseca i Casanovas, COACB, 1977, Barcelona. |
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O. Bohigas, Arquitectura Modernista, Ed. Lumen, 1968, Barcelona. |
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O. Bohigas, Reseńa y catálogo de la arquitectura modernista. Ed. Lumen, 1973, Barcelona. |
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Tate. Cabré, Guia de la Ruta Lluís Domčnech i Montaner. Ruta del Modernisme. Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbŕ i la Qualitat de Vida, Ajuntament de Barcelona-Ed. Mediterrŕnia, 2000, Barcelona. Text in Catalan, Spanish and English. |
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Tate. Cabré, Guia de la Ruta Puig i Cadafalch. Ruta del Modernisme. Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbŕ i la Qualitat de Vida, Ajuntament de Barcelona-Ed. Mediterrŕnia, 2001, Barcelona. Text in Catalan, Spanish and English. |
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Tate. Cabré, Guia de la Ruta Gaudí. Ruta del Modernisme. Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbŕ i la Qualitat de Vida, Ajuntament de Barcelona-Ed. Mediterrŕnia, 2002, Barcelona. Text in Catalan, Spanish, English, French and Japanese. |
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A. Cirici, El arte modernista catalán. Ed. Aymŕ, 1951, Barcelona. |
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I. Coll, Contrallums. Vitralls de l’Eixample (exhibition catalogue), Ajuntament de Barcelona, 1983, Barcelona. |
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I. Coll, Santiago Rusińol. Ausa, 1992, Sabadell. |
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I. Coll, Ramon Casas. Una vida dedicada a l’art. Ed. Centaure Groc, 1999, Barcelona. |
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F. Fontbona [et alter], El Modernisme (5 vols.). Edicions L’Isard, 2002-2005, Barcelona. |
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M. Freixa, El Modernismo en Espańa. Cuadernos de Arte Cŕtedra, 1986, Madrid. |
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M. Freixa, El Modernisme a Catalunya. Ed. Barcanova, 1991, Barcelona. |
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A. García Espuche, El Quadrat d’Or. Centre de la Barcelona modernista. O.C-Lunwerg editores, SA, 1990, Barcelona. |
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D. Giralt-Miracle, Jujol dissenyador. MNAC-Fundació “la Caixa”, 2000, Barcelona. |
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D. Giralt-Miracle, [dir.], Gaudí. La búsqueda de la forma. Ed Lunwerg-Ajuntament de Barcelona (exhibition catalogue), 2002, Barcelona. |
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A. González, R. Lacuesta, Arquitectura modernista en Catalunya, 1990, Barcelona. |
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C. Güell, Gaudí y el conde de Güell: el artista y el mecenas. Martínez Roca, 2001, Barcelona. |
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E. Jardí, El cartellisme a Catalunya. Ed. Destino, 1983, Barcelona. |
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R. Lacuesta, Arquitectura modernista en Cataluńa. Gustavo Gili, 1990, Barcelona. |
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C. Martinell, Gaudí. Su vida, su teoría y su obra. COAC, 1967, Barcelona. |
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M. Maspoch, Sortim. Ruta del Modernisme de Barcelona. Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbŕ i la Qualitat de Vida, Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2005, Barcelona. Text in Catalan, Spanish, English and French. |
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C. Mendoza Garriga, Barcelona modernista. Planeta, 1989, Barcelona. |
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Ll. Permanyer, Un passeig per la Barcelona modernista. Edicions Polígrafa, 1998, Barcelona. |
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V. Pons i Toujouse, Inventari general del modernisme. Edició Reial Cŕtedra Gaudí, 2004, Barcelona. |
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T-M. Sala, La vida cotidiana en la Barcelona de 1900. Silex, 2005, Madrid. |
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M. Saliné, Lluís Bru: fragments d’un creador de mosaics modernistes (exhibition catalogue). Ajuntament d’Esplugues de Llobregat, 2005, Esplugues de Llobregat. |
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Various authors, Modernisme i Modernistes. Lunwerg Editors, 2001, Barcelona. Text in Catalan, Spanish and English. |
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Various authors, Gaudí, Jujol i el Modernisme al Baix Llobregat. Ed. Mediterrŕnia, 2003, Barcelona. |
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Various authors, La pintura de Santiago Rusińol. La vida. Editorial Mediterrŕnia, 2004, Barcelona. |
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Various authors, Ruta del Modernisme. Barcelona. Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbŕ i la Qualitat de Vida, Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2005, Barcelona. Text in Catalan, Spanish, English and French. |
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J. Vila-Grau; F. Rodon, Els vitrallers de la Barcelona modernista. Ed.Polígrafa, 1982, Barcelona. |
Partner:
Municipal Institute of Urban Landscape and Quality of Life,
Barcelona City Council – Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbà i la Qualitat de Vida,
Ajuntament de Barcelona
Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbà i la Qualitat de Vida
6-8 Av. Drassanes, planta 21
E – 08001 Barcelona
Spain
Phone: +34 932 562 509
E-mail: impu@bcn.cat
Local Partner:
Barcelona Modernisme Honorary Council – Consell d’Honor de la Art Nouveau European Route and Consell d’Honor de la Ruta des Modernisme de Barcelona
Links
Ruta del Modernisme > Domènech i Montaner, Puig i Cadafalch i Antoni Gaudi
Institute of Urban Landscape, Barcelona
Any Internacional Gaudi